初一到初三的英語語法知識點總結(jié)

英語句子成分分七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。主語：句子的主體，全句述說的對象?；卮鹗恰罢l”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。

初一到初三的英語語法知識點

英語句子成分分七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。

1、主語：句子的主體，全句述說的對象?；卮鹗恰罢l”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。

如：The boy needs a pen.

Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you

2、謂語：說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)?；卮稹白?什么)”。由動詞或系動詞加表語擔(dān)任，常置于主語后。

如：The train leaves at 6 o’clock.

She is reading.

3、賓語：表示動作的對象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，常置于謂語后。

如：He won the game.

He likes playing computer.

注意：

（1）有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語,一個指物（直接賓語）,一個指人（間接賓語）。

間接賓語一般放在直接賓語前面。

如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)

（2）有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強調(diào)間接賓語。

如：He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)

4、表語：用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等?；卮鹗恰笆裁础被蛘摺霸趺礃印薄Ｒ话阌擅~或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動詞或be動詞之后。

如：He is a student. We are tired.

注意：除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，

（1）表感官的動詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

（2）表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

（3）表延續(xù)的動詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5、定語：對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。

如：The black bike is mine.（形容詞）

The boy in blue is Jim.（介詞短語）

I have nothing to do today.（動詞不定式）

注意：

（1）當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語。例如： I tell him something interesting.

（2）不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。

例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.

6、狀語：用以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及全句，通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任位置靈活。

（1）修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；

如：I am very sorry.

（2）表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首。

如：In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

They are writing English in the classroom.

（3）一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。

如：We often help him.

He is always late for class.

7、補語：補充說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語后。

如：He made me sad.（形容詞）

She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）

The war made him a soldier.（名詞）

I find him at home.（介詞短語）

I saw a cat running along the wall.（分詞）

8、同位語：通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明它的情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。

如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

I myself will do the experiment.

She is the oldest among them six.

初中英語賓語從句知識點

一.賓語從句的定義

置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語從句。

二.賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法

在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：

連詞：that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if 。代詞：who, whose, what ,which 。副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)

可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事項：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。

例句：I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情況中that不能省略

1當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

2當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。

例句：I can't tell him that his mother died.

注意事項：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.